سیرتِ النبی ﷺ اور منہجِ دعوت: مکی و مدنی ادوار کا تقابلی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Prophetic Methodology of Da‘wah: A Comparative Analysis of the Makkan and Madinan Phases

Abstract

This comprehensive research article presents a detailed comparative analysis of the Prophetic methodology of Islamic propagation (da‘wah) across the Makkan and Madinan phases of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ life. Employing a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates historical, sociological, rhetorical, and strategic analysis, the study systematically examines the evolution of da‘wah strategies in response to changing socio-political contexts. Through meticulous examination of primary sources including the Qur’an, Hadith, and early historical works, the article illuminates how the Prophet ﷺ adapted his message, tactics, and organizational structures from the private, principle-centered approach of Makkah to the public, community-building approach of Madinah. This research contributes significantly to Islamic studies, missiology, leadership studies, and social movement theory by offering a nuanced understanding of one of history’s most successful transformative movements. The analysis reveals how contextual sensitivity, phased implementation, and strategic flexibility were integral to the Prophetic methodology, providing timeless principles for contemporary da‘wah work and social reform.