Al-Nasr is a biannual, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by Al-Qamar Islamic Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. Print ISSN: 2959-1015 Online ISSN: 2958-9398 Frequency: Biannual Languages: English, Urdu, Arabic Sections: Research Articles and Book Reviews The journal publishes original, peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly book reviews in Islamic Studies and related interdisciplinary fields, including Qur’anic Studies, Ḥadīth Studies, Sīrah Studies, Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic law, Islamic thought, theology, philosophy, Sufism, Muslim history, Islamic civilization, ethics, religion and society, Muslim societies, and contemporary issues relevant to Pakistan and the wider Muslim world. Published articles and book reviews are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
سیرتِ نبوی ﷺ میں ماحولیاتی اخلاقیات: درختوں، جانوروں اور پانی کے پائیدار استعمال کا تحقیقی جائزہ
The world is facing serious environ mental problems such as deforestation, water shortage, animal abuse, and pollution. Modern systems are trying to solve these issues through laws and agreements. However, the teachings of Islam and the Seerah (life) of the Holy Prophet Muhammad? provided complete environmental guidance more than fourteen hundred years ago. This research study analyzes the teachings of the Prophet? regarding the protection of trees, kindness to animals, and the proper use of water. It also highlights the relevance of these teachings in solving.
Dr. Naseem Akhter (Corresponding Author)
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سیرت النبی ﷺ کی روشنی میں خواتین کی تعلیم وتربیت کا عملی کردار پر ایک تحقیقی جائزہ
The summary of the article is that the status of women is a topic that has always affected different civilizations, religions, and social systems. Every era and every society has viewed women in different ways and determined their position. Some societies have ignored women's femininity by giving them complete freedom, while others have restricted them to the domestic sphere and stifled their potential. Between these two extremes, Islam has provided a moderate and balanced path that respects the nature, honor, and character of women. Therefore, in homes where women possess religious knowledge and are familiar with the injunctions of Sharia and the Prophet's life, soldiers of Islam have emerged from their laps. Seeing their appearance and practical life, enemies have become friends and others have been forced to become strangers. Thank God, along with religious academies for boys, religious schools for girls have also been established, which have a complete system for the religious education and upbringing of girls. These institutions are telling the Muslim Ummah with their modern language that degrees can be obtained in modern colleges and universities, but the legacy of Prophethood is built only in these religious universities. If girls become familiar with the halal and haram, permissible and impermissible, and the injunctions of Sharia, then it is certainly very easy to change the domestic environment. It happens because Allah Almighty has given women the willpower with which they can control a powerful man.
Dr. Naseem Akhtar (Corresponding Author)
انسجامِ صوریِ الفاظ و لایه‌های معنایی در تأویلِ باطنیِ قرآن و غزلِ حافظ: ایک لسانی و عرفانی مطالعہ
This study explores the structural harmony between word and meaning in esoteric Qur’anic exegesis and the ghazals of Hafez. It argues that both traditions reflect a shared sensitivity to the intrinsic relationship between linguistic form and spiritual content. Through close textual analysis, the paper examines how semantic depth, ambiguity, and rhetorical balance function as vehicles for inner meaning. In esoteric interpretation, words are seen as symbols pointing beyond their literal sense, while in Hafez’s poetry, linguistic precision and metaphorical richness evoke profound spiritual insights. The study demonstrates that this harmony reflects a broader Islamic aesthetic in which language is understood as a sacred medium capable of conveying multiple layers of meaning. By comparing exegetical and poetic practices, the research highlights the convergence of scriptural interpretation and literary creativity in Persian-Islamic culture..
Dr. Hafiz Mansoor Ahmad (Corresponding Author)
تبیینِ وحدتِ وجود در حکمتِ متعالیه و شعرِ فارسی: از حقیقتِ وجود تا بیانِ مجازی — ایک تقابلی و تاویلی مطالعہ
This paper examines the concept of the Unity of Being (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) as articulated in Transcendent Philosophy (al-Ḥikma al-Mutaʿāliyya) and Persian poetic tradition. It argues that philosophical formulations of existence and poetic metaphors are not opposing modes of discourse but complementary expressions of a shared metaphysical vision. Through an analysis of philosophical texts and selected Persian poems, the study explores how ontological truths are translated into symbolic and metaphorical language. Persian poetry, it is argued, provides an experiential and affective dimension to metaphysical doctrines, rendering abstract concepts accessible through imagery and narrative. The paper highlights the dialogical relationship between rational metaphysics and poetic imagination, showing how both contribute to the articulation of unity, multiplicity, and divine presence. This interdisciplinary approach sheds light on the intellectual coherence of Islamic thought across philosophical and literary domains.
نفوذِ بلاغتِ قرآنی در صورت‌بندیِ استعاراتِ عرفانیِ ادبِ فارسی: ایک معنوی و جمالیاتی مطالعہ
This study investigates the profound impact of Qur’anic rhetoric on the development of mystical metaphors in Persian literary tradition. It argues that Persian Sufi poets consciously draw upon Qur’anic stylistic devices—such as metaphor, imagery, rhythm, and narrative structure—to construct a rich symbolic language capable of expressing mystical experience. Through textual analysis of selected Persian works, the paper traces how Qur’anic rhetorical patterns are recontextualized within poetic discourse to articulate themes of divine love, annihilation (fanāʾ), and spiritual ascent. The study highlights the Qur’an’s role not only as a source of theological content but also as a model of aesthetic and rhetorical excellence that shapes literary creativity. By situating Persian mystical metaphors within the broader framework of Qur’anic discourse, the research demonstrates a deep interdependence between scripture and literature. This interrelationship underscores the continuity of Islamic intellectual and aesthetic traditions and reveals how sacred rhetoric informs the imaginative and expressive capacities of Persian Sufi poetry.
نشانه‌شناسیِ زبان اور زبانِ نشانه‌ها: تجربهٔ صوفیانهٔ روایت میں فارسی بیان کی معنوی و رمزی جہات
This article explores the semiotic dimensions of language in Islamic Sufism, with particular emphasis on Persian as a medium of mystical expression. It argues that Sufi language operates as a system of signs that transcends conventional linguistic meaning, pointing toward ineffable spiritual realities. Drawing on semiotic theory and Sufi hermeneutics, the study analyzes how Persian Sufi texts construct layers of meaning through symbols, metaphors, and paradoxes. These linguistic signs function not merely as representations but as vehicles of spiritual experience, guiding the seeker toward inner transformation. The paper highlights the role of Persian in shaping a distinctive mystical semiotics that balances communicability with intentional ambiguity. By examining selected Sufi writings, the study demonstrates how language becomes both a veil and a revelation, concealing and unveiling meaning simultaneously. This dual function reflects the epistemological assumptions of Sufism, where ultimate truth lies beyond discursive language yet is approached through symbolic expression. The research contributes to the understanding of mystical language, semiotics, and the cultural significance of Persian in Islamic spirituality.
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مثنوی اور قرآنِ کریم میں نور کی علامتی معنویت: ایک اشراقی مطالعہ اور بلاغی تجزیہ
This paper examines the symbolism of light in Jalal al-Din Rumi’s Mathnawi and the Qur’an through the lens of Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) philosophy and classical rhetorical analysis. Light, as a central metaphysical and spiritual symbol in Islamic thought, functions simultaneously as an ontological principle and a rhetorical device. The study explores how Qur’anic imagery of light informs Rumi’s poetic symbolism and how both texts employ light to articulate divine presence, guidance, and epistemic awakening. Through a comparative analysis, the paper demonstrates that the Mathnawi reinterprets Qur’anic light symbolism within a poetic framework that emphasizes spiritual experience and inner illumination. Rhetorical techniques such as metaphor, allegory, and gradation are analyzed to show how light imagery shapes meaning and affects the reader’s spiritual perception. The study argues that illuminationist philosophy provides a coherent interpretive framework for understanding the shared metaphysical assumptions underlying both texts. By bridging philosophy, rhetoric, and mysticism, this research highlights the continuity between scriptural discourse and Persian Sufi poetry in articulating a unified vision of divine knowledge.
فصاحتِ قرآن پر مستشرقین کے اعتراضات کا تنقیدی جائزہ
The Qur'an is the unobtrusive book of Allaah, the last Prophet Muhammad is a miracle that remains till the Day of Resurrection, some of the aspects of different aspects have objected to it. On the other hand, the researchers have given their reputations, such a thing is used in the Arabic words that the words are used in the Holy Qur'an. In the case of the Qur'an, the essence of the Qur'an is essential, and it is ignorant to say it the Divine Word. From a research point of view, it is known that in the third Hijri, this objection was first made by Abu al -Hussein Ahmad ibn Yahya Rawandi (M: 295 H). Later! The names also raised the objection, which includes the names of GotTheld Bergsträsser, Theodor NöLDEKE and Friedrich Schwally. Similarly, Theodor NöLDEKE and Friedrich Schwally have made similar claims in the book "History of the Holy Quran". What is the truth of these claims now? What are the answers to these objections?
انسانی جان کی حرمت اور قتلِ ناحق پر سزا و سرزنش: ایک قرآنی، فقہی و آئینی مطالعہ
This research paper explores the sanctity of human life and the divine condemnation of unlawful killing in Islam, examined through Qur’anic injunctions, Prophetic traditions, and classical as well as modern juristic interpretations. The study further contextualizes these principles within the framework of the Constitution of Pakistan and the contemporary phenomenon of state violence, especially the unjustified killings of peaceful protestors by law enforcement agencies. The Qur’an presents the preservation of human life as one of the foremost objectives of Shari‘ah (Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah), equating the killing of a single innocent soul to the murder of all humanity (al-Mā’idah: 32). Prophetic teachings emphasize that shedding innocent blood is among the gravest sins, leading to divine wrath and eternal punishment. Classical jurists such as Imām Māwardī, Ibn Qudāmah, and al-Sarakhsī affirm that no authority — including the state — possesses the right to take life without just cause and due judicial process. The paper also examines the constitutional provisions of Pakistan, notably Articles 9 and 14, which safeguard life and human dignity. Despite these guarantees, repeated incidents of extrajudicial killings and state oppression highlight a moral and legal failure that contradicts both Islamic and constitutional norms. The research concludes that the sanctity of human life is an inviolable trust (amānah) granted by God, and any violation — whether by individuals or state institutions — constitutes an act of fasād fī al-arḍ (corruption on earth). It calls for comprehensive legal and ethical reforms, the enforcement of qiṣāṣ and accountability without discrimination, and the re-establishment of a justice system rooted in Qur’anic principles of mercy, equality, and human dignity.
عربی کتبِ علومُ القرآن میں ناسخ و منسوخ کی بحث: ایک تحقیقی و تقابلی مطالعہ
This study presents a research-based and comparative examination of the doctrine of naskh (abrogation) as discussed in major classical works of ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. The concept of naskh occupies a central position in Qurʾānic interpretation, as it is directly linked to the understanding of the gradual legislation and evolution of Islamic rulings. Focusing on four seminal works—al-Nāsikh wa al-Mansūkh by Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim b. Sallām, al-Burhān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān by Imām al-Zarkashī, al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān by Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī, and al-Fawz al-Kabīr fī Uṣūl al-Tafsīr by Shāh Walī Allāh al-Dihlawī—this research analyzes how the understanding of naskh developed across different scholarly periods. The study critically compares definitions, classifications, sources of evidence, and the determination of abrogated verses, highlighting the shift from a broad early conception of naskh to a more restricted and methodologically cautious approach in later scholarship. The findings demonstrate an intellectual evolution in Qurʾānic studies, marked by increasing precision, critical scrutiny, and emphasis on the wisdom and objectives underlying legislative change. This comparative analysis contributes to a clearer and more nuanced understanding of naskh as a disciplined and carefully regulated principle within Qurʾānic interpretation.
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قرآنِ مجید اور نباتات: کتب و تحقیقی مقالات کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This study offers an introductory and analytical examination of selected books and research articles addressing the concept of plants (nabatāt) in the Qur’ān. The Qur’ān frequently refers to vegetation, crops, trees, and natural growth not merely as sources of sustenance but as signs of divine power, wisdom, and providence. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the research analyzes Qur’ānic verses related to plants alongside classical exegetical interpretations, Prophetic traditions, and contemporary scholarly writings that engage with themes of human health, environmental balance, and ethical responsibility. The study critically reviews academic articles focusing on the role of plants in human well-being, ecological sustainability, and Qur’ān–science discourse, as well as key books on Prophetic medicine and Islamic environmental ethics. By evaluating diverse methodological approaches—exegetical, scientific, historical, and applied—the paper demonstrates that Islamic scholarship presents a comprehensive and coherent understanding of plants as integral to human survival, moral consciousness, and the preservation of the natural order. The findings affirm that Qur’ānic guidance on plants remains highly relevant in addressing modern challenges related to health, environmental degradation, and sustainable development.
رسمُ القرآن پر لکھے گئے مقالات: ایک تحقیقی و تنقیدی مطالعہ
This study presents a comprehensive critical and analytical review of classical and contemporary scholarly writings on Rasm al-Qurʾān, the orthographic system of the Qurʾān established during the Prophetic and ʿUthmānic periods. Rasm al-Qurʾān occupies a foundational position in Qurʾānic studies as it represents not merely a method of writing, but an integral mechanism for the preservation of the Qurʾānic text, its authorized modes of recitation (qirāʾāt), and its uninterrupted transmission across generations. The research examines the historical formation of the ʿUthmānic script, scholarly debates regarding its tawqīfī (divinely sanctioned) or ijtihādī nature, and the unanimous consensus of the Muslim community on the obligation of adhering to it. By critically engaging with classical sources, modern academic articles, South Asian scholarship, and Western orientalist critiques, the study demonstrates that variations in Rasm do not indicate textual instability but rather reflect a deliberate and divinely guided accommodation of multiple canonical readings. The paper further explores the juristic, exegetical, and technological dimensions of Rasm al-Qurʾān, particularly in the context of modern printing, digital Mushaf production, and Qurʾānic standardization efforts. The findings affirm that Rasm al-Qurʾān remains a vital, authoritative, and indispensable discipline for safeguarding the unity, authenticity, and interpretive integrity of the Qurʾānic text in both classical and contemporary contexts.
قراءتِ قرآن پر لکھے گئے اردو مقالات: ایک تحقیقی و تنقیدی مطالعہ
This study presents a critical and analytical examination of selected Urdu research articles on Qur’ānic Qirāʾāt, focusing on their historical, textual, phonetic, orthographic, and juristic dimensions. Qur’ānic Qirāʾāt represent a foundational discipline within Islamic scholarship, preserving the authentic modes of Qur’ānic recitation transmitted through continuous and reliable chains. The research analyzes four major thematic approaches found in contemporary Urdu scholarship: the historical development and principles of Qirāʾāt, the relationship between Qirāʾāt and the ʿUthmānic script, the phonetic and linguistic foundations of recitation, and the impact of variant readings on Islamic legal interpretation. Through a comparative evaluation, the study demonstrates that differences in Qirāʾāt do not imply textual plurality but rather reflect diversity in authorized modes of pronunciation and articulation. The findings highlight that Urdu scholarly contributions have significantly advanced the understanding of Qirāʾāt as an interdisciplinary field connecting Qur’ānic studies, linguistics, phonetics, jurisprudence, and manuscript tradition, thereby reaffirming the central role of Qirāʾāt in the preservation and interpretation of the Qur’ān.
تصورِ وحی: معاصر تحقیقی مجلات میں شائع شدہ مقالات کا تقابلی اور تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This study examines the concept of revelation (waḥy) as presented in contemporary research articles published in Islamic academic journals. Revelation occupies a central position in Islamic thought as the primary means through which divine guidance is communicated to humanity. The research undertakes a comparative and analytical review of traditional Islamic perspectives, modern Muslim scholarly interpretations, orientalist viewpoints, and contemporary philosophical, psychological, and scientific approaches to revelation. By critically engaging with classical Qur’ānic exegesis, Hadith literature, and modern academic discourse, the study highlights the enduring theological foundations of waḥy while addressing contemporary intellectual challenges. The analysis further explores the relationship between reason and revelation, metaphysical dimensions of divine communication, and interfaith perspectives from Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The findings demonstrate that despite diverse interpretative frameworks, revelation in Islam remains a coherent, divinely grounded, and comprehensive source of moral, spiritual, and intellectual guidance, retaining its relevance in modern scholarly and societal contexts.
سیرتِ النبی ﷺ اور منہجِ دعوت: مکی و مدنی ادوار کا تقابلی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This comprehensive research article presents a detailed comparative analysis of the Prophetic methodology of Islamic propagation (da‘wah) across the Makkan and Madinan phases of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ life. Employing a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates historical, sociological, rhetorical, and strategic analysis, the study systematically examines the evolution of da‘wah strategies in response to changing socio-political contexts. Through meticulous examination of primary sources including the Qur’an, Hadith, and early historical works, the article illuminates how the Prophet ﷺ adapted his message, tactics, and organizational structures from the private, principle-centered approach of Makkah to the public, community-building approach of Madinah. This research contributes significantly to Islamic studies, missiology, leadership studies, and social movement theory by offering a nuanced understanding of one of history’s most successful transformative movements. The analysis reveals how contextual sensitivity, phased implementation, and strategic flexibility were integral to the Prophetic methodology, providing timeless principles for contemporary da‘wah work and social reform.
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حجاب کا قرآنی تصور: قدیم و جدید مفسرین اور اہلِ علم کی آراء کا تنقیدی جائزہ
In every civilization in the world, women have been associated with hijab and modesty to some degree. But Islam introduced hijab not just as a tradition but as a divine command and moral principle. Regarding hijab, Allama Sharif Jurjani (may Allah have mercy on him) says in the Book of Definitions that hijab means anything that hides your intention from you. And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their chastity and not to display their adornment) Surah Al Noor(.A woman is completely naked, and when she goes out, Satan sees her." (Tirmidhi). The veil is obligatory. The face is also included in adornment, so covering it is a preferable and prudent act. If there is a fear of temptation, then covering the face becomes obligatory. The purpose of the veil is chastity, dignity, and social purity( Imam Qurtubi). Imam Abu Hanifa (Book: Al-Hidayah): A woman's entire body is covered except for the face and hands, but if there is a fear of temptation, it is obligatory to cover the face and hands as well.Imam Shafi'i (Book: Al-Alam): It is obligatory for a woman to cover her entire body, sometimes including the face. Imam Malik (Book: Al-Maduna): A woman should not display her adornment and beauty in front of a non-mahram. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Book: Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah): A woman's entire body is covered, including her face and hands.
بینکاری سود پر رِبا کا اطلاق: معاصر تفسیری آراء کا تنقیدی مطالعہ
This research examines the divergent scholarly approaches to the application of riba in relation to modern banking interest. Islamic scholars have articulated varying positions on the permissibility or prohibition of banking interest, grounded in their respective interpretative methodologies of the Qur’ānic injunctions and Prophetic traditions. This study seeks to critically evaluate these differing opinions in order to determine which interpretations align with the true spirit and foundational principles of Islamic jurisprudence, and which depart from them. Employing exploratory and explanatory research methods, the study analyzes authoritative and authentic writings of prominent modern scholars to elucidate the underlying arguments and evidences. The findings aim to clarify the actual juridical status of banking interest in Islam and to contribute meaningfully to scholarly discourse, as well as to inform the development of a genuinely riba-free economic and banking system.
قرآنِ مجید میں اقسامِ الٰہی: ایک تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Divine oaths (Aqsām al-Qurʾān) constitute one of the most profound rhetorical and theological features of the Qur’an. This study presents an introductory and analytical examination of the concept of divine oaths, focusing on their definition, categories, purposes, and interpretive significance within classical Qur’anic exegesis. Drawing upon the works of leading exegetes such as al-Ṭabarī, al-Qurṭubī, Ibn Kathīr, and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, the paper demonstrates that divine oaths are not merely stylistic devices but deliberate pedagogical tools aimed at awakening human consciousness, reinforcing moral accountability, and directing attention toward divine signs embedded in the cosmos, time, revelation, and the human self. The study further clarifies the essential distinction between divine oaths and human oaths in Islamic theology, emphasizing that while humans are restricted to swearing by God alone, God employs oaths by elements of creation as evidentiary signs (āyāt) to establish truth and certainty. Through selected Qur’anic examples, the paper argues that Aqsām al-Qurʾān form an integrated system of guidance that combines rhetorical beauty, intellectual persuasion, and ethical instruction. Ultimately, the research highlights the enduring relevance of divine oaths in understanding Qur’anic discourse and its transformative impact on belief, reflection, and conduct.
آیاتِ الاحکام پر لکھی گئی عربی کتب کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This study offers a comprehensive introductory and analytical review of major Arabic works authored on Āyāt al-Aḥkām, examining their historical development, scholarly objectives, and distinctive methodological approaches. It critically analyzes how classical and modern exegetes interpret Qur’anic legal verses through linguistic analysis, principles of uṣūl al-fiqh, ḥadīth evidence, and comparative juristic reasoning, while also highlighting the influence of different schools of Islamic law. The research underscores the academic significance of these works in the formation, interpretation, and application of Islamic legal rulings and their continued relevance in contemporary legal and scholarly discourse.
تفسیرِ قرآن میں عقلیت پسندی کا ارتقاء: جے۔ایم۔ایس۔بلجون کی تحقیقات کا تنقیدی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This study offers a critical and analytical examination of the scholarly contributions of J. M. S. Baljon to the study of Qur’anic interpretation, with particular emphasis on the emergence and development of rationalist trends in modern Muslim thought. Through an in-depth analysis of Baljon’s major works—especially Religion and Thought of Shah Wali Allah Dihlawi and Modern Muslim Koran Interpretation (1880–1960)—the paper explores how Qur’anic exegesis evolved in response to intellectual, scientific, and socio-political challenges of the modern era. The study highlights Baljon’s methodological approach, including his extensive use of primary sources, historical contextualization, and comparative engagement with both classical Islamic scholarship and modern Western academic frameworks. Special attention is given to his analysis of influential Muslim thinkers such as Shah Wali Allah Dihlawi and Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan, whose efforts to harmonize reason and revelation played a pivotal role in shaping modern Qur’anic hermeneutics. While acknowledging the strengths of Baljon’s research—its academic rigor, breadth, and critical insight—the study also identifies certain limitations, particularly his limited engagement with the political and economic dimensions of Islamic thought. The paper concludes that Baljon’s work remains a foundational reference for understanding the intellectual transition from traditional exegetical models to rational and reformist interpretations of the Qur’an, and continues to hold significant relevance for contemporary scholarship in Islamic studies.
تفسیر قرآن کا سائنسی رحجان موافق و مخالف نظریات کا تقابلی جائزہ
The relationship between the Qurʾān and modern science has remained a sensitive and intellectually contested subject within the field of Qur’anic exegesis. With the rapid advancement of scientific knowledge in the modern era, a distinct interpretive trend emerged that seeks to harmonize certain Qur’anic verses with contemporary scientific theories and discoveries. This approach, commonly referred to as scientific exegesis of the Qurʾān, has attracted both strong support and serious criticism among Muslim scholars. This study presents a critical and comparative analysis of the scientific trend in Qur’anic interpretation by examining the arguments of both its proponents and opponents. Through a detailed review of classical and modern exegetical works, the research evaluates the methodological foundations, objectives, and limitations of scientific interpretation. Particular attention is given to prominent scholars who advocated scientific harmony, as well as those who cautioned against imposing mutable scientific theories upon immutable divine revelation. The study argues that while the Qurʾān encourages reflection upon the natural world, its primary purpose remains moral guidance and spiritual reform rather than scientific instruction. The paper concludes that a balanced and disciplined approach is essential to avoid exaggeration, forced interpretation, and intellectual inconsistency in relating the Qurʾān to modern science.
قصص الانبیاء اور اخلاقی تعلیمات: قرآن اور بائبل کا تقابلی جائزہ
The Qisas al-Anbiya constitute a central component of both the Qurʾān and the Bible, serving not merely as historical accounts but as powerful vehicles for moral, spiritual, and ethical guidance. These narratives aim to cultivate virtues such as patience, justice, obedience to God, repentance, and social responsibility among individuals and communities. Despite differences in theological frameworks and narrative styles, both scriptures employ prophetic stories to convey universal moral lessons relevant to all times. This study presents a comparative analysis of the moral teachings embedded in the prophetic narratives of the Qurʾān and the Bible. Through textual and thematic examination, the research highlights areas of convergence and divergence in moral emphasis, character portrayal, and ethical instruction. Special focus is given to selected prophetic figures whose stories appear in both scriptures, examining how moral values are articulated and contextualized within each tradition. The study concludes that while doctrinal differences exist, the moral objectives of prophetic narratives in both the Qurʾān and the Bible reflect shared ethical concerns and contribute significantly to moral education, interfaith understanding, and the promotion of universal human values.
An Introductory and Critical Analysis of the Prefaces of English Translations of the Qur’an by Selected Orientalists: A Comparative Islamic and Academic Perspective
The English translations of the Qur’an produced by leading Orientalists such as George Sale[i], J.M. Rodwell[ii], E.H. Palmer, Richard Bell[iii], and A.J. Arberry[iv] continue to shape Western intellectual engagement with Islam. Their prefaces present not only translation principles but also theological, historical, and epistemological claims about the Qur’an and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This study offers an introductory and critical analysis of their prefaces by combining modern academic methods with classical Islamic scholarship. Short original preface quotations are examined, followed by refutations using the Qur’an, Hadith, early Islamic history, and contemporary Western academic critique. The research concludes that Orientalist assumptions such as human authorship, textual borrowing, alleged disorder, and supposed editorial insertions arise from methodological bias rather than historical evidence. A comparative evaluation demonstrates that both Islamic scholarship and many modern Western academics reject the outdated Orientalist paradigm.
"Hujjatullah Al-Balagha: An Introductory and Analytical Study of the Intellectual, Jurisprudential, and Cultural Insights of Maulana Shah Waliullah Dehlvi"
This study offers an analytical overview of Hujjat Allah al-Baligha, the monumental work of Shah Wali Allah Dehlavi, a distinguished Islamic scholar, philosopher, and reformer of the 18th century. Renowned for his intellectual depth and mastery of classical Islamic sciences, Shah Wali Allah combined diverse philosophical and spiritual traditions in his writings. The introduction highlights his scholarly background, lineage, early education, spiritual training, academic achievements, and extensive travels to the Hijaz, where he studied Hadith with prominent scholars. The abstract also underscores the thematic essence of Hujjat Allah al-Baligha, a unique and comprehensive work exploring the wisdom (ḥikmah), objectives (maqāṣid), and underlying reasons behind Islamic legal rulings. The book’s literary style, methodological rigor, and interdisciplinary nature—integrating Hadith, Fiqh, ethics, Sufism, and philosophy—have made it a timeless reference. Moreover, its numerous translations, commentaries, and scholarly studies reflect its enduring influence on Islamic scholarship.
Dr. Ali Shariati's Religious and Political Concepts: An Introductory Review
This article presents an analytical study of the life, intellectual activities, and religious and political views of Dr. Ali Shariati. Ali Shariati (1933–1977) was a prominent Islamic thinker in Iran whose intellectual formation was influenced by his family’s religious background, the academic environment of Mashhad, his exposure to Western philosophy, and the writings of revolutionary thinkers such as Franz Fanon. His early education in Mashhad and his observation of social inequalities fostered a tendency toward social justice in his thought, while his association with the liberation movements during his stay in Paris solidified his revolutionary ideology. After his return to Iran, his lectures at the Hosseiniya Irshad created intellectual awareness among the younger generation, and his opposition to the state made him a symbol of intellectual resistance. Shariati’s religious and political views are based on the centrality of monotheism to the intellectual, social, and moral organization of the individual and society.
An introductory and analytical study of some Urdu books written on socialism
This study provides an analytical overview of major Urdu works written on socialism, focusing particularly on the perspectives of prominent Islamic scholars such as Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Syed Abul A‘la Maududi, and Maulana Wahiduddin Khan. These authors generally consider socialism a Western, non-Islamic ideology that conflicts with Islamic economic principles. The assignment examines the philosophical foundations of socialism, its socio-economic implications, and its comparison with Islamic economic teachings as presented in the selected Urdu texts. It highlights how these scholars critique socialism’s concepts of class struggle, state control, and property ownership, and contrast them with Islam’s balanced, ethical, and justice-oriented economic framework. By analyzing these texts, the study explores how socialism has been interpreted, critiqued, and positioned within Urdu literature, and how these interpretations reflect the broader intellectual and ideological trends in the Muslim world.
Scientific traditions narrated in Tafsir Ibn Kathir
This study explores the scientific themes found in the first Juz of Tafsir Ibn Kathir, highlighting how Qur’ānic verses reflect both spiritual guidance and references to natural phenomena. The introduction explains the Qur’ān’s comprehensive nature, covering spiritual, moral, social, and cosmological subjects, and emphasizes that its scientific allusions reveal its timeless miraculous character. The analysis focuses on selected verses from Surah al-Fātiḥah and Surah al-Baqarah, particularly those addressing prayer, human physiology, natural elements like sulfur stones, and the creation of the heavens and the earth. By comparing Ibn Kathir’s classical interpretations with contemporary scientific findings, the study demonstrates how early exegetes understood cosmological concepts within the framework of their time, and how certain Qur’ānic themes align with modern scientific discoveries. It also distinguishes authentic interpretations from weak or Israelite-influenced narrations. Ultimately, this work aims to show that the Qur’ān provides universal guidance for every era and that its exegetical tradition forms a meaningful bridge between Islamic scholarship and scientific inquiry.
A review of the pros and cons of the concept of Abrogation of The Quran
Indeed, in the sight of Allah, the religion is only Islam and Islam is a complete and complete religion in which there is no room for any defect or deficiency. Whenever propaganda is made against Islam, the answer is either revealed by Allah Almighty through the Quran or delivered by the blessed tongue of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The same is the case here too, that the opponents of Islam have always spoken against Islam, not letting any opportunity pass by, and have also raised many objections to the Quran regarding the abrogation of the Quran. This has been going on since the beginning of time until now, including Jews, Christians, Orientalists and many others. So the Jews said, "Don't you see Muhammad? He commands his companions, then forbids them, and then gives a command against them. Today he says one thing and tomorrow they go back on it. The Quran, the Qur'an, and the abrogation of the Quran. In any case, he did not let any opportunity pass him by to raise objections to Islam.
A critical review of Goldziher and his book "Muslim Studies"
Ignác Goldziher (June 22, 1850 – November 13, 1921) was a prominent Jewish Orientalist who researched Islamic studies, and his book "Muslim Studies" (German: "Muhammedanische Studien") is considered an important critical study of Islamic studies.¹ The book was originally written in German and later translated into English. This article will review the first volume of Goldziher's book Muslim Studies. Goldziher gained worldwide fame for his in-depth research in Oriental studies, especially Islamic studies. He was considered one of the leading Islamic scholars of his time. He was fluent in Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, Turkish, and other Oriental languages. He researched Islamic law, hadith, exegesis, theology, Sufism, and Islamic history, and gave a new dimension to the academic study of Islamic studies in the Western world.
Meditation: Meaning, Origin, and Islamic Perspective
This study examines Muraqabah (spiritual mindfulness) as a key concept in Islamic spirituality and Sufism. Derived from the Arabic root r-q-b (“watchfulness”), it denotes constant awareness of Allah’s presence. Qur’anic descriptions of Allah as al-Raqīb and Prophetic teachings provide its scriptural foundation, while scholars such as al-Qushayrī, al-Ghazālī, and Shāh Walī Allāh elaborated its practice as the station of Iḥsān. Three levels are outlined: common believers (fear-based), the elect (love-based), and the elect of the elect (absorption in God). Closely linked with tafakkur, dhikr, and tazkiyah, Muraqabah serves as a bridge between external worship and inner consciousness.